hemisphere: eastward (Conohs effect, planetary designation 3) Planetary rotation is in the B class, meaning that the general circulation was broken up otto eddies These are called cyclones and anti-cyclones, using the ancient Terran names On all Neta-type planets with a 3 classification the cyclones produce storms But the cyclones on Arrakis produced violent storms, primarily because of excess ozone Ozone was concentrated only two kilometers above the surface It was produced by Canopus's strong ultraviolet flux and ab sorbed much of the flux The atmosphere thus experienced considerable heating at this low altitude Temperature was high dt the surface, decreased with altitude, but then increased when the ozone layer was encountered Convection and advection associated with the cyclones was thus normally confined within two kilometers of the surface This confinement greatly intensified storm seventy Surprisingly, the greatest Conohs storms on Arrakis were not produced in mis manner A truly great storm occurred only when the ozone heat barrier was broken' Nefad almost recognized this fact The strength of the ozone heat barrier depended upon the ultravio let flux from Canopus, which vanes The strength of the cyclones vaned also but most important were the convecttve vortices As we now know from the Rakis Finds, these were most prevalent during a daytime fruntdl pd!>!>dge The stronger the cyclone the more vortices that were produced Each vor tex earned surface heat upward to the ozone barrier On those occasions when conditions were nght the heat transported upward could produce temperatures immediately below the ozone layei which were greater than that within the layer itself The barrier was destroyed when this occurred The reaction was self-perpetuating and explosive in its impact and a truly great dust/sand storm evolved as the atmosphere in a real sense was overturned Wind speedb as high as 800 kilometers per hour were recorded withm these storms by certified instruments (which also managed to survive the storms' fury) Pachtra (10002) reported a single measurement of wind speed in excess of 1000 kilometers per hour This is generally discredited since his instrument was out-of certification at the time 5 Addi Oonally, such a speed would exceed the speed of sound ground level on Arrakis Supersonic winds have never been confirmed on ARRAKIS, ATMOSPHERE 25 ARRAKIS ATMOSPHERE any planetary surface Yet, as Ghralic so aptly puts it' 'The residents of Arrakis reported fearfully loud noises during UK greatest storms Could it be that the winds exceeded Mach -1 at times'* The entire subject merits an attempt at laboratory duplication under controlled conditions" Electrical phenomena were an integral part of the surface environment The dust whirls and storms generated considerable dust charging through tnbo-electnflcafion Lightning discharges occurred frequently within the clouds and occasionally bolts struck the surface Ozone was pr